HISTORY
In approximately 1688, French explorers began to record details of their
travels along Lake Erie?s southern banks in Ohio. Occupied by numerous native
tribes, the early territory of Ohio was primarily a hunting ground until the
introduction of European fur trade. In 1754, France and Great Britain fought in
the French and Indian War, which lasted seven years. The Treaty of Paris ended
the war, at which time the French gave Great Britain control of Ohio and the Old
Northwest. British reign of the Ohio region ended with America?s victory in the
American Revolution.
During the period following the American Revolution, immigrants proceeded to set
up hundreds of cities and covered the region with numerous canals, highways and
railroad lines. On February 19, 1803, United States? President Thomas Jefferson
signed an act of Congress, which recognized Ohio as the 17th American State. In
1953, on the State of Ohio?s 150th anniversary, President Eisenhower declared
March 1, 1803 as the state?s official admittance into the Union.
DEMOGRAPHICS According to Census 2000 Data, Ohio is home to more than 11.3 million
residents, with the Capital City of Columbus accounting for 711,470 of the
total. Estimates in 2005 show an increase of nearly 111,000 since the 2000
Census. This includes a natural growth of 217,877 people since the last census
(789,312 births minus 571,435 deaths) and a decrease in population due to the
migration of 102,008 people out of Ohio. Foreign immigration accounts for a net
increase of 75,142 individuals, while immigration from within the U.S. accounts
for a net decrease of 177,150 people.
In 2004, Ohio's diverse population included approximately 390,000 residents
(3.4%) of which were born in a foreign country. Ohio?s five largest groups of
ancestry include German (25.2%), Irish (12.7%), African (11.5%), English (9.2%)
and American (8.5%). The largest reported ancestry in the majority of Ohio
counties (especially in the northwest) is German. Cincinnati and Cleveland have
larger populations of African-American residents, while Cleveland and Toledo
have the largest concentration of Hispanic residents. The most significant Asian
populations reside in the cities of Cleveland and Columbus. South central Ohio
is home to a large portion of the population of British ancestry.
GEOGRAPHY Ohio, which encompasses nearly 45,000 square miles, shares its borders with
the states of Indiana, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Both Lake Erie and the
Ohio River also define a large portion of Ohio?s borders. Major urban area?s
include
Akron, Canton, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton, Springfield, Toledo and
Youngstown. Columbus is the state capital. Delaware, found 25 miles
north-northeast of Columbus is Ohio?s geographic center.
Officially considered a part of the nation?s Midwest region, the State of Ohio
lies in close proximity to a cultural and geographical convergence with the
Appalachian, Northeastern and Southern U.S. regions. Large sections of Ohio
feature glaciated plains, bordered by both the glaciated and unglaciated
Allegheny Plateaus. Distinct landscapes range from flat areas such as the Great
Black Swamp to the rugged hills and lush forests of Ohio?s southeastern region.
At 15,500 feet, Campbell Hill is Ohio?s highest point.
Ohio boasts more than 2,500 lakes and 43,000 miles of rivers. Built in the canal
era of the mid-1800?s, Grand Lake St. Mary?s was once the primary water supply
in the west central region of Ohio. Major rivers found within Ohio include the
Cuyahoga River, Great Miami River, Maumee River, Muskingum River and Scioto
River. Ohio?s northern rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean via Lake Erie and the
St. Lawrence River. The state?s southern rivers flow into the Gulf of Mexico via
the Ohio River and then the Mississippi River.
ECONOMY Ohio boasts a thriving economy, which maintains a primary role in the
nation?s production of machines, processed foods, steel, tires and rubber
products. Ohio?s specialty lies in the manufacturing of producer goods such as
industrial chemicals, machine tools and plastic moldings. Industrial profits
include the outputs of electrical equipment, fabricated metal products, food
processing and transportation equipment. In 2003, the Bureau of Economic
Analysis estimated Ohio's total state product was $403 billion. Personal per
capita income averaged $30,129, ranking Ohio 25th in the nation.
As a result of the Wright brothers? experimentation, Ohio was the site of the
invention of the first airplane. Ohio currently is home to a massive aircraft
design and experimental facility, the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.
Additional aircraft related industries in Ohio include several aerospace,
defense and NASA parts and system suppliers.
Ohio also operates a moderately sized commercial fishing region on Lake Erie,
where the yellow perch is the primary product. In addition, Ohio?s picturesque
landscapes, historic sites, wineries and multitude of recreational opportunities
set the stage for a burgeoning tourism sector.
AGRICULTURE Agricultural products also play a significant role in Ohio?s economy.
Located in the ?Corn Belt?, Ohio boasts nearly 76,000 farms that encompass 14.3
million acres of dedicated farmland. Average farms include nearly 190 acres
each. Agricultural profits stem from the production of cattle, corn, dairy
wares, eggs, hogs, poultry and soybeans.
EDUCATION Ohio has more than a dozen public two-year colleges and universities, each
of which operates independently of one another. Every one of Ohio's state
institutions has its own distinct name and every two-year facility has an added
geographic indicator. Eleven of the thirteen public universities rank among
Ohio?s most populated institutions. Additionally, Ohio is home to numerous
public and private higher learning facilities, some of which rank among the
nation?s top research universities. These include Case Western Reserve
University, Ohio State University, Ohio University and the University of
Cincinnati.
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About
Ohio (OH) State
